Europe faces a fiscal juncture in 2025. Public investment can drive growth and competitiveness but only if directed toward transformed priorities that overcome structural issues. Momentum for growth is increasing: Looser fiscal policy will give the economy a boost. While the overall EU fiscal position is projected to remain broadly neutral, with government deficits slightly […]

Central banks worldwide entered 2025 expecting aggressive monetary tightening would return inflation to 2%. Instead, inflation has stubbornly plateaued at 4.5% across major economies, creating a new reality that challenges decades of monetary policy orthodoxy. The Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, and Bank of England have all paused rate hikes, acknowledging that traditional tools may […]

Pakistan has secured its first sovereign rating upgrade in six years, a symbolic return from the brink of default. Yet market experts warn the country’s economic recovery remains fragile and deeply reliant on external support. Fitch Ratings upgraded Pakistan’s long-term foreign currency rating from ‘CCC+’ to ‘B-’ with a stable outlook in April, acknowledging fiscal […]